You don't need fancy, high end, expensive equipment for nightclub photography. Any decent prosumer level DSLR kit and a flashgun that's fully compatible with the camera body and supports i-TTL (Nikon) or E-TTL (Canon) modes will do.
Since all the photographs will most probably be resized for web use megapixels also don't matter. Even if you are expected to submit high resolution photos on a CD/DVD, unless they'll be used to print huge and I mean huge posters or banners, you don't really need more than 6 megapixels to get the work done. The only thing that I'd suggest to really think investing in, if you are serious about photography, is a ''fast'' lens with a fixed aperture value.
''Fast'' lens is a term usually used to describe lenses with maximum aperture value of f2.8 and below (f1.8, f1.4, f1.2). If you are still using a kit lens, take a look at the writing on it now, you will probably see something like 18-55mm, which describes the focal range covered, followed by 3.5-5.6, which means that at 18mm the maximum aperture opening of this lens is f3.5 and at 55mm the maximum aperture opening will be f5.6. Therefore, the aperture is not fixed throughout the focal length of this lens and changes as you zoom in or zoom out and can result in some inconsistency.
For instance, I use a Sigma 24-70mm 2.8, so if I set the aperture value of f2.8 it will stay at 2.8 whether I am shooting at 24 or 70mm. By now you probably understand why I started by suggesting a lens with a ''fixed'' aperture. These lenses are not cheap, but they are worth it, providing more predictable results, consistency and are generally better in terms of built and optical quality. Also, consider buying used equipment and if you are on a budget, instead of going for Nikon or Canon lenses, look for ones from other manufacturers such as Sigma, Tamron, Tokina etc. Lenses with focal lengths of 17-70 or 24-70 are in my opinion optimal choices for nightclub photography.
Now I'd like to talk about some accessories which nightclub photographers use to improve picture quality. Assuming that you already own an external flash unit, which is very important for nightclub photography, first accessory worth mentioning is a flash diffuser that attaches to the tip of the flashgun. Contrary to what many people think it doesn't really diffuse light parse, it spreads the light, producing much softer lighting as a result. They are very cheap and you can get one of eBay or Amazon. You don't really need any bulky, expensive light spheres and other bigger types of diffusers. Although, they do produce excellent results and some photographers use them for weddings and even in a studio, they are just too bulky to carry around in a nightclub and are very likely to fall off the tip of your flash gun and sooner or later someone will surely step on it.
Whilst we are on the subject of lighting, I might as well get it out of the way by suggesting that you should never point the flash directly at your subject, as it will not only make the background very dark, but also produce very harsh shadows. Instead turn the flash head up, whether you're photographing in landscape or portrait format, and bounce the light off the ceiling. As you gain more experience you will learn to read the surrounding well and sometimes even bounce the light of the walls for a different result. I will talk more about flash settings later.
Second very important accessory is a lens hood. Not only it is very important from picture quality perspective as it helps you avoid getting lens flares and produce better overall contrast in your photos, but it will also protect the front element of your lens. For instance, if you accidentally hit the lens against a wall or a bar stand, or some lady rubs her purse against it, the hood will protect the front element from getting scratched. Although, not all the kit lenses come with a hood, you can still purchase one of eBay. It'll probably either be a rubber type that pops on or a threaded one that screws into the filter thread of your lens. Both types are absolutely fine!
Next three pieces of accessory, that I'm about to mention, are in my opinion purely about personal preference. Many nightclub photographers will suggest that you use a UV filter. A UV filter is a clear piece of glass which screws onto the tip of the lens in the case of nightclub photography mainly for protection. To be honest I'm not a big fan of those, as in my opinion they limit some amount of light entering the lens, producing somewhat duller results. Of course you can use a UV filter and compensate for difference in final results by slightly changing some settings in your camera, if you want a bit more protection for your lens. In other words, it's entirely up to you if you want to use one or not. If you do decide to purchase a UV filter, I suggest you go for more expensive, pro quality filters, for the reason that cheaper filters will obviously degrade quality by causing ghosting, glares etc. There are many types of UV filters out there; they come single coated, double coated etc. Just look it up online and do some researches before you purchase one.
Another piece of equipment that I want to discuss is a vertical grip. You can purchase a vertical grip from manufacturers other than Nikon or Canon. For instance, Hahnel produces good quality grips for almost half the price and they do a great job. I've used a Hahnel grip on my Nikon D90 for about two years and sold it along with my camera in top working and cosmetic condition. Again, this accessory is all about personal preference and all it does is make it slightly easier to handle your camera when you take photos in a portrait format, as it lets you hold the camera much in a same way as you would in a landscape format. As a bonus you also get a second battery slot for a spare battery, which is helpful if you have a long night shooting. Plus you get an AA battery adapter with 6 AA batteries offers a flexible power-backup solution when you run out of power unexpectedly.
Finally, the last piece of equipment that I'll be talking about is a TTL off-camera shoe cord. This cord is the cheapest and probably one of the most reliable ways to get the flash off your camera without losing any functionality of the flashgun. Off-camera lighting is a completely different topic, but you can experiment by holding your flashgun in one hand and the camera in another and you will notice the difference in the way people are lit as you move the flashgun to the left, right or even above your camera. Alternatively, you can use wireless triggers or if you're a Nikon user most of the recent cameras support CLS (Creative Lighting System), which allows camera to act as a master unit and trigger the flash gun wirelessly even if it's not mounted on the camera body. This function works only with Nikon flashguns such as SB-600, SB-800, SB-900 etc. Earlier models don't support it. Refer to the user's manual to find out how exactly to set your camera and flash to communicate wirelessly.
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